Affectus ethos rhetoric6/10/2023 As a result the words “functional” and “dysfunctional” are more appropriate, when it comes down to analysing once performance. ![]() Thus, there is no general “good” or “bad” in self-portrayal and impression management, cause each action must be interpreted in the proper context of the situation/speech. If the speaker uses certain aspect consciously or unconsciously is usually irrelevant for the analysis, since the result and not the intention is the aim of a rhetorical analysis. The ethos of the speaker is transmitted via his self-portrayal, this mostly about nonverbal and paraverbal (vocal elements – tone, pitch, etc. Later this was seperated in actio and pronuntiatio, whereas the first is about the bodily eloquence and the second the actual vocal lecture. Originally, actio encompassed voice, gesture, facial expressions, proxemics, body language and movement. According to Aristotle there are three prequisites that are necessary to appear credible:Įthos is portrayed during the performance (actio). The intent of the speaker is to appear credible. The mode of persuasion “Ethos” deals with the character of the speaker. – Aristotle 1356a 2,3 Ethos – Personal Character of the Speaker ![]() ![]() Persuasion is achieved by the speaker’s personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. The first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker the second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind the third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided by the words of the speech itself. Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. If both the advertisement made 40 years ago and the exact same advertisement made today contain the same speaker with the same credentials (ethos), and the same arguments with the same logic (logos), and they both appeal to the same emotions and the same values (pathos), but the reception is completely different, then what has changed is the context in which the presentation was made (kairos).PLEASE NOTE: This page contains amazon affiliate links. Kairos is an appeal to the timeliness or context in which a presentation is publicized, which includes contextual factors external to the presentation itself but still capable of affecting the audience's reception to its arguments or messaging, such as the time in which a presentation is taking place, the place in which an argument or message is being made, the background information and demographics of an audience such as age, culture, faith, creed, etc., the appropriateness of the speaker's tone given the nature of the occasion, and the relationship between the speaker, the audience and the topic.Īn example would be an outdated advertisement that would have been effective 40 years ago but hasn't aged well by today's standards. Kairos (plural: kairoi) is an arguable fourth mode of persuasion which means the "right time", "season" or "opportunity". I come to speak to you in defense of a cause as holy as the cause of liberty-the cause of humanity. ![]() The humblest citizen in all the land when clad in the armor of a righteous cause is stronger than all the whole hosts of error that they can bring. I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were but a measuring of ability but this is not a contest among persons. In some cases, downplaying the ethos can be done while emphasizing pathos, for example as William Jennings Bryan did in his Cross of Gold speech: Pathos may also include appeals to audience imagination and hopes, done when the speaker paints a scenario of positive future results of following the course of action proposed. In addition, the speaker may use pathos and fear to sway the audience. Pathos is most effective when the author or speaker demonstrates agreement with an underlying value of the reader or listener. Pathos can be particularly powerful if used well, but most speeches do not solely rely on pathos. It can be in the form of metaphor, simile, a passionate delivery, or even a simple claim that a matter is unjust. : 42 The terms sympathy, pathetic, and empathy are derived from it. Pathos (plural: pathea) is an appeal to the audience's emotions.
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